Charging Time is key for high product quality.

But how to achieve charging times of
less than 15 min ?

Challenge

The fast-charging capability is a decisive purchase require­ment, not only for electric vehicles. Five bound­aries are techni­cally restricting the charging time as shown below. Violating the cell-specific limits leads to accel­er­ated cell aging or even safety risks. The progres­sion of the maximum permis­sible charging current over time, consid­ering all five limits, depends on the electro­chem­ical and thermal initial and boundary conditions in a strongly nonlinear manner. In addition, as the anode surface poten­tial inside the cell is not exper­i­men­tally acces­sible, the suitability of a charging current profile can only be tested indirectly by costly and time-consuming cycling tests.

The five limits of fast-charging

1

power

Limited by power grid. 

2

current

Limited by charger current. 

3

temper­a­ture

Limited by battery cell (temper­a­ture-induced aging). 

4

voltage

Limited by battery cell (voltage-induced aging). 

5

anode

Limited by battery cell (lithium-plating aging). 
Moreover, the fast charge capability of the battery is depen­dent on module design, cooling, cell type and there­fore has to be solved on system level. This is why the development of optimal current profiles in the multi­di­men­sional, nonlinear parameter space consisting of time, state of charge, state of health and temper­a­ture is challenging. 

Solution

You need a tool to predict all five limits under given operating conditions for individual cells and modules. And that is what the Batemo Cell Model is. Batemos unique battery model­ling technology allows to derive optimal fast-charge profiles for the entire parameter space. This is the basis for an optimized testing design to exper­i­men­tally validate the numer­i­cally calcu­lated fast-charge profiles at carefully selected different opera­tion conditions. This straight­for­ward workflow simul­ta­ne­ously reduces charging time, development time and development cost. 
If you have a physical, param­e­trized and validated model… 
…you can calcu­late an optimal fast-charging strategy based on simulations. 
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Fast

Batemo Cell Models run within seconds on normal office computers. This enables large parameter varia­tion to consider the nonlinear depen­den­cies on temper­a­ture, SOC and aging state. 
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Physical

Only if you split up the physical processes in the cell correctly, you can calcu­late the anode surface poten­tial and access all five limits of fast charging simultaneously.

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Accurate

Quanti­ta­tivly reliable simula­tion results need exten­sively validated models. The Batemo Cell Model is the most accurate battery cell model there is – guaran­teed! We always demon­strate the validity through exten­sive measure­ments that prove highest accuracy. 
Our method­ology is to actively control the anode surface poten­tial and thereby avoid lithium plating as shown in the example below. Thereby you reach the physi­cally fastest possible charge profiles under all operating condi­tion. The low compu­ta­tional times allows to automat­i­cally repeat this calcu­la­tion under all initial and boundary conditions to derive ready to imple­ment fast charge maps. 

development method

  • 1st

    Get the Batemo Cell Model to have a physical, parame­ter­ized and validated battery cell model. 

  • 2nd

    Integrate the cell model into your module model. 

  • 3rd

    Do batch simula­tions and derive optimal fast charging profiles and opera­tional strate­gies.

    avoid lithium plating!
  • 4th

    Use the Batemo Cell Model to do a design of valida­tion experiments. 

  • 5th

    Perform the valida­tion exper­i­ments and directly imple­ment it in your BMS!

Advan­tages

Use the Batemo Cell Models for simula­tion-based fast-charge development, making it faster and at lower cost while leading to lower charging times. This is how we generate value and contribute to your success. 

-20%

Charging Time

Cut down the charging time to the physical minimum by having access to all five limits at the same time. 

-50%

Development Time

Speed up your development time by relying on a straight­for­ward workflow instead of cycle tests in trial-and-error principle. 

-60%

Development Costs

Safe test efforts by utilizing digital development methods. Test smarter, not harder.
Check the Facts

Charging Time

Batemos unique technology enables to reach the physi­cally fastest possible charge profiles by actively control­ling the anode surface poten­tial. Without access to the anode surface poten­tial, the only way is to apply stepped charge profiles while incre­men­tally increasing your charge current and monitoring your cell aging. This trial-and error approach will never yield the real optimum as shown in the picture below. Even an optimal stepped charge profile stays 20% behind the physical optimum for the Tesla Model Y (4680) cell. 

Example: Tesla Model Y (4680)

Development Time and costs

Batemos unique technology enables setting up a straight­for­ward development workflow by predicting the anode surface poten­tial. Without access to the anode surface poten­tial, you must itera­tively try out charge profiles and check their applic­a­bility in cycling tests. This trial-and-error approach is cost- and time consuming. 

Without Batemo Technology

apply charge profile and conduct test 

With Batemo Technology

get a Batemo Cell Model

calcu­late optimized profile 

validate

Let’s check one example: 4 itera­tions of exper­i­mental trial-and-error fast charge development takes about 7 months. When applying 2 profiles simul­ta­ne­ously, you can only test 8 different charging profiles. Even for a small cylin­drical cell this adds up to ≈90k€ personnel and measure­ment expenses. Let’s do this straight­for­ward: with a Batemo Cell Model you can calcu­late optimized charge profiles for all opera­tion and starting conditions within days. Including the Batemo Cell Model gener­a­tion, we have those profiles ready and exper­i­men­tally validated within three months. Adding software costs, personnel and measure­ment expenses for valida­tion you stay below 30k€.

Inter­ested?

Let’s take the first step!

Meet the expert